Enter your Name:   Enter your E-mail Address:  Define the following terms: 01a. Corallite 01b. Septa 01c. Columella 01d. Fringing reef 01e. Barrier reef 01f. Atoll 02. If corals require shallow water in the warm tropics in order to grow, why are tropical areas such as the west coast of South America without reefs? 03. Explain how encrusting coralline algae aid in reef building. 04. Name a way that a coral can asexually reproduce and sexually reproduce to form another head of coral that is not connected to the parent coral. 05. A marine biologist is studying a coral reef that contains a large amount of branching coral. In which direction do the coral polyps mostly reproduce in order to create a branching form? In which direction do encrusting and boulder corals primarily reproduce? 06. Name one use of mucus for coral polyps. 07. Of the three regions within a fringing reef (reef flat, reef crest, and reef slope), which is the most seaward? Which is the most prolific location for coral? 08. What do scientists believe causes the "spur and groove" formations on a barrier reef? 09. What is the probable order of reef types that would form around a new oceanic volcanic island? 10. What is the name for the side of an atoll that receives the most wind and wave action? 11. Once established, a coral-reef ecosystem is nearly a self-sustaining ecosystem, requiring little outside nutrients in order to survive. Explain why. 12. What are the two major primary producers in a coral reef environment? 13. A coral reef has recently become overgrown by seaweeds. Name at least one possible reason this could have happened. 14. Name one way that a coral can attack a neighboring coral to obtain more living space. 15. The coral-reef ecosystem is a very productive as well as efficient ecosystem. How is the symbiotic relationship of mutualism a means of efficiency?