Advanced Biology Module #15 Test


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Define the following terms:

01a. Retroperitoneal

01b. Erythropoiesis

01c. Renal blood flow rate

01d. Glomerular filtration rate

01e. Tubular maximum

01f. Buffer system


02. Starting with the proximal tubule, order the structures listed below in terms of when they are encountered by filtrate as it travels out of the body

loop of Henle, renal pelvis, distal tubule, proximal tubule, major calyx, collecting duct, minor calyx.



03. Label the structures pointed out below:

structures

03. a-i


04. Which of the structures above change their permeability to water? What causes the change?


05. In the drawing below, the arrows indicate the direction in which solutes travel between a capillary and the nephron. Indicate whether each arrow illustrates reabsorption or secretion.

solutes


06. An increase in GCP will do what to GFR?


07. Two substances are in the filtrate in equal concentration at the proximal tubule and both exceed their T-max concentration. If the reabsorption T-max is higher for substance A than substance B, compare the concentrations of A and B in the blood as it leaves the kidney.


08. What are juxtaglomerular cells and what do they do in the body?


09. What is the normal range for the pH of blood?


10. The pH of blood is 7.30. Is the person in acidosis or alkalosis?


11. Describe the three processes which regulate blood pH. Indicate the relative effectiveness of each one as well as the relative speed of each one.


12. In the bicarbonate buffer, which substance reacts if an acid is introduced in the blood?